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bugscufle
01-27-2008, 10:26 PM
I received a quite unusual Christmas present this year. It is copies of 66 letters that a young soldier sent home to his family during World War II, between May, 1943, and October 1944.

He was born in 1925 and given the name James Jackson. Perhaps for reason of economy, the boy was called Jack. The boy's world pretty much consisted of Sabine County, Texas. The Sabine River runs along the county's eastern border. Across the river is the state of Louisiana.

World War II was not the eighteen year old's first war. He was born into financially depressed times, the second oldest of nine children. All through his young life, Jack and his family fought poverty.

His father often sharecropped, which meant that they lived in someone else's less than ideal house. If fact, to call some of these places a "house" is quite kind. Jack grew up without electricity or indoor plumbing. His father's employment was intermittent. Meals could be "iffy" things, requiring both hard work and magic, and often coming down to the wire. Some meals were more name than substance.

Jack, like most children of poverty during those times, took the family's precarious financial situation personal. In his mind, he was the one who needed to do something to improve the family's living condition. It is just not that easy for children to do much along those lines.

Nonetheless, growing up Jack noticed that a beneficial garden improved daily life considerable. He was absorbed in how a garden might be coxed into doing more and more and was relentless in doing whatever it took to achieve the goals he set for himself. Eventually his father just turned the acre and a half vegetable garden over to him. Occasionally, his mother, when she could would come work with him.

Jack learned he could not only persuade the garden to feed the family but to provide extra to take into town to sale. But all this hardly filled the family's bucket. At the completion of eleventh grade, Jack went to work in the shipyards in Beaumont, ninety miles away. Jack's older brother enlisted in the Air Force and was trying to become a bomber pilot. With Jack and Odis contributing, their dad signed a note to purchase a place of their own.

Jack turned eighteen in January. His fathers health was failing. Jack knew the military was in his near future, but that was okay. With a doctor certifying that his father was unable to work, Jack claimed 50% responsibility for the family's support. He would be eligible for an allotment. Jack's monthly pay in the Army as a private would be $31.50 a month. $22.00 would be taken from that, but the government would add $50.00. $72.00, plus what Odis sent would let the family continue to pay for the new place and at least have regular meals. Jack would just be involved in two wars now.

The following is an account of what Jack transcribed on a journey from Hemphill, Texas in May, 1943, to Paris, France, in October, 1944. (One of the reasons that Jack could write so many letters was that in World War II, postage for servicemen was free. That's the way it ought to be.)

Mineral Wells

The first stop was Fort Wolters near Mineral Wells, Texas. A lot of things struck Jack's attention when he entered the Army. In his first letter home, Jack commented about all the clothes he got, going to a PX, a canteen and a picture show. Jack also told the folks, "You know that's not picture show stuff about being snappy and alert in the Army. We have to take a bath and shave every day."

There is one other letter from Fort Wolters. It begins, "I just got back from chow. I took a shot yesterday and can't write much. So far the army is swell."

Hitchcock

The next stop was Camp Wallace, near Hitchcock, Texas, which is between Galveston and Houston. This was an anti-aircraft artillery training camp. In the first letter home Jack observed, "I noticed that civilians are extra friendly to soldiers. At noon we stopped at a cafe and all the civilians moved out so we could all eat."

Cokes at that time, came in 6.5 ounces, contour glass bottles. The fact that Cokes cost anything made them both expensive and special to a kid who had no money. Evidently, Jack had at least some change at this time, because in the same letter he observed, "You really enjoy a Coke after a day's work."

In the second letter from Camp Wallace to his parents and seven sisters, Jack described daily military life. "We have to stay on the alert 24 hours per day. However we are not commanded (usually) to do anything except clean the barracksor go on K.P. or guard duty from 5:30 pm until six in the morning," Jack reported. He went on to write, "We may expect a cussing anytime though."

"K.P." was kitchen patrol. K.P. consisted of peeling potatos, washing pots and pans, and emptying garbage cans and then cleans those cans.

Also in this second letter from Camp Wallace, Jack asked, "How is the garden?" Jack commented that while a garden, with a lot of effort, would give one all one could eat, so would the Army, with more dependability and less effort.

In the third letter home from Camp Wallace, Army life was starting to lose some of its lustre. Jack wrote, "We are kept on the run all the time. It don't do a fellow a darn bit of good to get lazy.. We don't have much time to get sick either." But Jack did go on to write, "The Army really is better than I expected."

The next letter, dated May 13, 1943, shows Jack to be quite upbeat. He starts the letter, "I was glad to get a letter from you today. I got a letter from Odis yesterday and one today. He sent me a couple of dollars. I think I will have enough to last me until pay-day. There are so many things you have to buy as your gun, etc., all has to be just so."

The letter stated that he had signed family allotment papers and they were being processed.

When Jack entered the Army, he was six feet, one-half inch tall, and weighed all of 140 pounds. Nobody had ever called him "Hercules." Like a lot of young men, jack was apprehensive if he was going to cut it in the Army. In this same letter of May 13th, Jack writes, "The Army is going to be alright. We have some pretty hard training but you never have to do anything you can't do."

Jack was not all the bumpkin one might think. His letter closes with the following paragraph, "This evening we went on a three mile hike with a 20 pound pack and rifle. Tonight, (Friday night) we had to scrub and clean up our barracks. I made it my business to go and get a haircut and I got out of it."

The news from home at this time reported lots of rain. Jack asked if grass was taking over the garden in the first paragraph of his May 16th letter home. Jack went on to write, "It is plenty hot down here. As the northern boys say, 'You can just sit still and still sweat.'"

Jack realized that that sentence would need further explanation because he had mentioned something that his folks back home had little familiarity with. Jack wentr on, "By the way, I am here with a bunch of northern boys. Most of them are real nice boys after you get used to them."

Jack was learning that it was a big world outside of Sabine County. The same letter continued, "After you get used to the boys you are with the Army isn't nearly so bad. There is some fun in marching and going hiking. Something else that interests a guy in the Army is that he sees picture shows of the war front and production lines that civilians are not allowed to see."

Food was always of interest to Jack. Later in this same letter he reported, "I have had trout twice for dinner since I have been in the Army. We have ice cream on Sunday." If they had been old enough, no doubt the Army could have signed all seven of Jack's sisters after this letter was read.

The first sentence in the next letter dated May 19th, follows this theme. Jack asked, "How is the potatoe and bean rotation coming along? You ought to have a fryer or two along on Sundays."

Jack's big brother came through once agrain as this letter later states, "I got a letter from Odis yesterday and one today. Each with a dollar in it."

A letter of May 23rd, repeated old themes, It asked if his mother was keeping up with the grass in the garden. Jack seems both surprised by and content with life in the Army when he writes, "I kindly enjoy the hiking. So far we haven't come to anything I couldn't do." Jack finagled his way from was from K.P. to guard duty.

Another common theme between soldiers and their families, as well as between families and their soldiers, is that one is always worried that the other is sharing all that might be worrisome. Jack brings this point home in the letter when he inquires, "You tell me you haven't been fishing since I left but if that's so, there's something terrible wrong. Maybe financial problems?" He follows this concern writing, "I don't know when you will get the first check from my allotment and I don't know how much it will be."

This letter ends with a lament typical for many skinny teenage boys, "I starve to death nearly between meals and stuff as much as I can, but I have not gained any weight since I've been in the Army."

The letter dated May 28th shows progress as a person and as a soldier. The letter begins, "I am having the starch taken out as Daddy says. I am doing as well as any of the boys. We have fun griping about what we have to do but we are learning to pitch in and get things done."

There were still all the things that needed to be done back home, even though the two oldest boys were now gone. Evidently there was some dissension in the ranks (the oldest sister was being "bossy"). Jack follows the earlier theme in his letter, writing to his sisters, "I think you all must be getting a system to the work around the house, according to your letters. The thing that helps is for everybody to pitch in and wor together."

In a letter dated June 1, 1943, Jack commiserated with the folks back home, writing wistfully, "I would like to have some chicken too, but I don't guess I will get any for a while."

The family back home was having severe financial problems by July, 1943, and the allotment had still not started. Jack wrote his father, "It will be a dirty trick to ourselves if we lose the place. If we can come out of the war with it, then we will have proved to ourselves that we can get ahead in due time." "Don't worry about fixing up the place or anything else but staying well and getting plenty to eat," Jack admonished.

Jack's father was having a hard time getting sympathy from the financial powers that be in Hemphill. Jack angrily consoled his father observing, "A amn could know everything that was known in Hemphill and he wouldn't know as much as a fly on a mule's butt."

Chicago

By August, 1943, Jack was in Coyne Electrical School in Chicago, Illinois. Replying to a letter from his folks that mentioned a local boy had been discharged, Jack wrote, "There are lots of boys who are getting discharges but I really don't want one."

Jack wrote about paying fifty cents for a motor boat ride in Lake Michigan.

He tried to visit home as often as he could, though it was only in his memories. Sometimes it seemed so real. In September, 1943, he wrote, "I can just see school books and paper lying all over the house tonight. Look around, on the floor, tables, beds, etc. Yeah, I knew they were strewn all over the place. And tell those kids to be quiet in there."

Jack had his first experiences with steam and furnace heat at this time. Technology was an amazing thing .

bugscufle
01-27-2008, 10:33 PM
El Paso

Jack left Chicago an electrician, at least according to the Army. The next stop was Fort Bliss.

Just because a guy grew up in the backwoods of deep East Texas, doesn't mean he didn't know how to party. His letter home, dated November 28, 1943, starts, "I am at the service club tonight and just played a dozen games of checkers."

The same letter goes on to discuss the two things that are near and dear to his heart: family and food. "I didn't know that S.T. and Eustace had moved to Houston. For God's sake, if she wants to send me something to eat, send her my address," Jack beseeched his parents.

This letter is closed with, "Toodle doo, Jack." Evidently, slanglicized French was entering his vocabulary.


Jack got introduced to mountains at Fort Bliss. In a letter dated December 29, 1943, he reports, "We went on a 3 1/2 hour mountain climb this afternoon and lots of the guys didn't make it."

This area had little to recommend itself in Jack's, and just about every other soldier's opinion. Of course, most places have a hard time competing with home, whereever that may be. Jack went on in the letter, "I haven't seen anything in Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Ioway (Except Waterloo, Ioway) or Illinois that was any better." One does wonder what he found special in Waterloo, Iowa. Perhaps pretty women.

Jack also wrote that he had received a package from Mrs. Walker and $2.00 from his Aunt Dick (short for Dixie) who lived in Ballinger, Texas. It is interesting to see the difference between neighbors and family when it comes to names. An older relative could be referred to by a first name, or a nick-name. But an older neighbor, no matter how long the acquaintance, was always referred to as "Mr." or "Mrs." Kind of like the Baldwin sisters in The Waltons were Miss Emily and Miss Mamie.

Jack wrote home on New Years Day, 1944. It was a fairly usual letter. He did report, "We evened up again yesterday, being the last of the month by standing in line practically all day." "Evening up" was getting paid, or not, depending how uneven you were in your Army finances.

Jack closed his letter with a request for clarification regarding Christmas dinner back home, "Didn't you kill that hog for Christmas?"

Jack also was introduced to air conditioning. A letter dated January 6, 1944, was written seated at a desk in an air conditioned office while on guard duty. This was something Jack felt he could get used to.

In another letter Jack wrote about shoveling coal out of a rail car all day, "I didn't mind shoveling the coal today but I just took a bath last night and now I have to take another one. That makes two nights straight."

January 11, 1944, Jack wrote home that he might wind up in infantry. He asked how the pups were doing as well when the last payments on the place would come. Jack speculated, "I supppose I will be in the Army long enough so that it will be paid for while you are getting the allottment. Then we will be real rich and buy the Walker's place."

Jack also stated that his tonsils had been bothering him again and he was going on sick leave the next day. he closed the letter writing, "My last bubble done pooped. Love, Jack."

The winter of 43-44, was hard on the family back home, healthwise and moneywise. On the January 12th, Jack responded to a letter he received that day. He opened that he was glad his mother was better. Then he wrote, "I also think it a good idea to sell out or get rid of what few chickens and things you have, or eat them. I think you should spend all you can rake and scrape for food, though, and let the place go to heck until the winter is over because the kids need a variety of food for better health and prevention of sickness." Jack went on to write that the next objectives would be to get the girls fairly good educations and make the home comfortable. He summed up this portion of the letter with, "All I am hoping and expecting when I get out of the Army, is to find you all well."

Jack reported that Odis thought if he could get a commission he would stay in the Air Corps. Odis wrote, "$246.00 a month in peace time isn't so bad."

Finally, Jack shared with the family what had transpired when he saw the Doc about his tonsils that morning. "I came out feeling as though I had certainly had an easy operation after his telling me that I didn't even have any tonsils. He said it was just a gland on each side that was swollen." He went on to expound, "And to think of how much I have suffered with tonsilitus."

Army life was for Jack, finding out what he coudl do. January 14, 1944, he related the following, "I went up to shave a guys neck and ended up an hour and a half later with a pair of hand clippers, comb, two airs of scissors and a straight razor. I was really using them too. They asked for haircuts and they got them. And how1 They may want to sue me for damages after inspection tomorrow but I think I did pretty good."

He also proudly reported in this letter that he was now up to 155 pounds in a light uniform.

Jack spent " a whole dime" to rent a typewriter for a February 5, 1944, letter. Jack shared with the folks back home that, "We had chicken for dinner today, and it was about like that ole coon that Daddy caught and Mother cooked when we lived on ole man Irvy Richardson's place. In fact, I would like to have some coon roast instead."

Jack closed the letter with, "I hope to be in Camp Swift the next time I write you."

bugscufle
01-27-2008, 10:39 PM
Bastrop

To Jack, Camp Swift, five miles north of Bastrop, Texas, was a "high classed joint."

February 10, 1944, Jack wrote that he hadn't heard from Odis in a while. Jack said that he hoped that Odis was "in the Pacific or southeastern Asia theaters because the Jap flyers and ack ack can't be compared with the Germans."

If there was antagonism in the military, it seemed to be between urban and rural soldiers. No doubt city slickers made fun at the expense of country bumpkins and vice versa. Jack sort of brought this home in a letter dated February 28, 1944. Jack wrote, "We went through the gas chamber twice. Once we had to go inside and then put our masks on before we could breathe. Three of our 'G.I. Joes' came back on a meat wagon. You can always tell a "Joe" when you see him and you have a few of them in any outfit. They are usually from New York or Brooklyn."

Jack,still a private, also reported in the same letter that he had given a class on nomenclature and a class on the use of construction tools that morning. Officers were suppose to give the training but some commanding officer was wise enough to understand that just because a person is boss, that doesn't mean he knows what he is talking about.

The family financial situation never seemed to changed for the better. Perhaps connected somehow with the fact that his mother was fixing to deliver her eleventh child. Jack commented in this long letter that, "It looks like we stay the same all the time, no matter what happens; just barely getting along. But everything is against us now and I can't see why if we can get by now, that we can't get ahead a little after the war is over."

Getting back to priorities. in the next to last paragraph, Jack suggested to his father, "If you can get some long slim poles for the polywog fishing, you will have more fun watching Mother man-handle them out than you will have catching them yourself."

Jack closed the long letter with, "Well, I am out of soap. Lots of love, Jack."

March 9, 1944, Jack was quite happy to share that, "We are beginning to have better chow now. There has even been a rumor that we are going to have steaks before long." The tone drops a little at the end when he writes, "Well, I will have to take a shower and I still shave every other day."

Jack had finally made Private First Class. Now Jack was a fine name for a Private, but not a PFC. So he signed this letter, "Love, Jim"

March 30th, Jim was back to being Jack, and Jack wrote, "I cooked yesterday and I also cooked today, only today it was in the hot sun." H e had just been listening to The Aldrich Family Radio Show. The main character was Henry Aldrich, a high school upper classman that was bumbling his way from adolescence to adulthood. Maybe Jack thought about the senior year he never had would have been like. He also observed that some of his mail was being censored. Jack closed thanking his sister Leatrice for the big bag of gubers she sent him.

April 2nd, Jack opens with the comment that he is listening to the Bewley's Quartet. The quartet's sponsor was Bewley's Best Flour out of Fort Worth. The quartet later became a quintet and called itself the Chuck Wagon Gang. It is said that some of the CWG music was the beginning of the blues rock later made popular by the Stones, Jimmi Hendrix and Cream. Quite interesting how Lubbock, Texas, has inserted itself into rock and roll. Anna Carter, one of the original quartet, and not of the same Carters you may be thinking of, married Jimmie "You are my sunshine" Davis, who later became Governor of Louisiana. But I digress. Jack says the latest rumor, or Latrin-o-gram, as they are referred to in the Army, is that they will be gone by the 18th.

April 7th, Jack responds to information that the Army cut his family's allotment. He pretty well uses all the new words he has learned in the Army.

April 17th Jack wrote his two oldest sisters congratulating them for doing well in school and expressing the hope that they could go to college together after the war.

April 24th it is same ole, same ole. Jack tells his father. By all means don't lose the place if you can help it by using the resources you have. Go ahead and cash Odis' bonds or whose ever they are and then we will pay him back with the allotment when you do get it." There is a little self-pity in the last sentence when he says, "Why don't we have the health and luck that everybody else has."

Still, Jack doesn't stay down, He seems to show both high spirit and immaturity when he writes in the same letter, "I don't have any idea where we will go but we are tired of fooling around in the states and are raring to go. I am hoping we go to England, but anywhere we go it will be more or less an adventure to us."

April 26th, Jack reports to the folks that he is receiving the Good Conduct Ribbon.

April 29th, Jack presents the possibility of being promoted to corporal. He writes, "If I do get it and we can get the allotment back to $72.00, we will be sitting jake then."

Censorship was making communication more challenging. Jack got the following information past the censors and the Germans, "We will be leaving here in half the time equal to the length of time between my birthday and Grandma Mc's birthday."

bugscufle
01-27-2008, 11:13 PM
New Jersey

Stepped-up censorship of letters left Jack paralyzed about writing home. Food and weather was just about the only thing that didn't have to be hidden. May 7th, Jack reported, "We had chicken for dinner today which, better than usual, did taste a little like chicken." He signs the letters now as James.

Perhaps the best thing was that he was now eating in the midst of Army nurses and WACs. He was quite amused to see the soldiers, nurses and WACs going through a gas drill together.

His brother Odis had recently received both a commendation and his 2nd Lieutenant's bar. Jack bragged, "He is accounting for himself as I knew he would if he had the chance."

England

July16, 1944, Jack sent a longer letter home. The English country side was "real, real green." Jack had had some fresh cherries that day. A guy offered him a piece of candy from home as well. He wrote that they "had chicken again today, but I had just as soon have settled for a young, fried, fox squirrel and french fries."

He went to church that morning, as he usually did, and reported that both Canadian and US Chaplains had shared "very good short thoughts."

Jack felt good about the direction the war was going. He observed, "Maybe the Allies are slow in their undertakings, but you will note that the men on the front lines die for, the others don't loose."

Jack also reported that Odis had flown two bombing missions over the oil fields in Ploesti, Romania. Jack could see the end, even as he approached the war. He wrote, "You can expect to see Odis shortly after Germany is licked, but as for me, it might be some time, but it will not be bad after the war is over."

Neither Jack, nor his parents, or sisters, would see Odis again. The day before, July 15, 1944, Odis was on his third bombing run over Ploesti when his plane was hit by German anti-aircraft fire. Odis' remains finally made it home for burial in 1948.

France

It was August 28th, before Jack wrote home again. Perhaps the demands of war mercifully kept him from thinking too much about his loss.
Even at this time he acknowledged Odis' death but could not write about it. War had become too real. And Jack made a realist comment when he wrote, "I am doing my designated part in getting this thing over with." That is pretty all anyone can do in any endeavor.

Jack quite appreciated hearing how the folks back home were picking up the pieces and moving forward. At least the allotment had been corrected.

August 29th, Jack shared that "The French people are beginning to get more to eat now. I think sugar is very scarce and I was talking to a Spainiard who said he hadn't seen a bit of chocolate in five years."

Even when he didn't have any elation of his own, Jack appreciated the elation of the French people. September 2, 1944, from somewhere in France, he wrote. "It looks as though the yanks are going to kick the heinies to hell out of France in a few more days. At least the French think so. The French really think the Americans are the real stuff."

Jack went on to write, "I wish you would all take about a weeks vacation and do nothing---except, maybe, write me a letter every night." There is definitely some darkness, some depression and some self-pity in these letters. Sometimes he is Jack, sometimes he is Jim. As much as the future without Odis weighed on Jack, he missed his big brother's weekly, reassuring letters.

October 2nd, Jack was in Paris, at least for awhile, and had found a French woman to do his laundry. He talked about Central Texas and the Hill Country looking "like a paradise" and he didn't know that the family moving west wasn't a good idea.

October 6th, he was overly anxious to get a Beaumont or Houston newspaper subscription. It was like he needed to connect with the world every day or he was afraid he would go nuts. He wrote his sisters the same day that he was "very busy doing his best to chase the Germans out of the way and get this thing over with."

He went on, "I wish could send you all Christmas presents but there is nothing over here to buy. The little girls and boys over here haven't even had an orange, or nice apple, or nuts and candy for four years. The Germans have taken everything. As the Amercians ride through France in long caravans of vehicles, the French children are lined up all along the road asking the soldiers for a little piece of candy or something to eat." Jack finished observing, "I am glad American children like all of you have not had to experience such hardships."

I'm not sure whether this last remark was written for his sisters or himself. Jack had fought poverty all his life, but it was now that others had had a more desperate battle than his own. When one has little, or even not enough, one can best find courage in finding someone who has less, and who refuses to give up. Because, perhaps all winning is, is just never giving up.

There are no more letters of this portion of his life. Perhaps they were lost, perhaps they were inadvertently destroyed. But we do know that Jack never gave up. He spent the next year somewhere in France or somewhere in Germany.

Jack discharged as a Sergeant and returned home in October, 1945. A few weeks later he went to visit his sister Dot who was now working in their uncle Hershel's drug store in Ballinger, Texas. There was another girl working in that drug store, my mom. The rest, as they say, is history.

Southern_Gent
01-29-2008, 09:27 AM
Interesting story and thanks for sharing.

drillkjh
04-18-2008, 12:28 AM
that was a very good story. very ineresting sence i am from that area